[deleted]

Eeehhh...
All I can think of is using another entity with slowness and invisibility to look at it's enemy.
E.g: have an zombie look at a villager that you want to track, an iron golem for hostile mobs or a guardian for squids (I think?).
And then use /tp @p @e[type=<mob>,name=<name>] to tp the player to this invisible mob that looks at another mob that you want to track. The /tp command takes rotation into account.

Not really. You would have to measure the x, y and z distance between the player and the nearest entity (using iterations of moving armorstands or something) and then apply some geometry calculations to get the proper rotation. But you won't be done yet, because there's no way to automatically put those rotations in a tp command, so you would have to set the player at rotation 0 0 and then iterate through the rotations, subtracting form them till you reach 0.

tl;dr
Lot of work, works pretty slow, inaccurate. It's probably not worth it.