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Rune Banners - Younger Futhark

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Jerre_Pelzig's Avatar Jerre_Pelzig
Level 49 : Master uwu
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The Younger Futhark was the Runic alphabet used to write the Old Norse Language.

ᚠ fé - f
ᚢ úr - u, y, v, o, ø
ᚦ Þurs - þ, ð
ᚬ Oss - ą, o, æ
ᚱ reið - r
ᚴ kaun - k, g
ᚼ hagall - h
ᚾ/ᚿ nauðr - n
ᛁ íss - i, e
ᛅ/ᛆ ár - a, æ, e
ᛋ/ᛌ sól - s
ᛏ/ᛐ Týr - t, d
ᛒ björk - b, p
ᛘ maðr - m
ᛚ lögr - l
ᛦ yr - ʀ

notes:
«þ» represents the devoiced 'th' sound in 'thing'

«ð» represents the voiced 'th' in 'the', in Old Norse, þ and ð were allophones, meaning they were viewed as different forms of the same sound in the language, whereas in Proto Norse, they were not allophones, ð being an allophone of /d/

«ᚬ» and «ᛅ» represent mostly the same set of vowels, however, «ᚬ» was used for nasalised vowels, whereas «ᛅ» was used for non-nasalised ones.

«ø» was pronounced the same as German ö or French eu

«y» was pronounced the same as German ü or French u, «ý» being the same but longer

«æ» was the 'a' in 'bat', whereas «a» was the a in 'father'. «á» was the au in 'caught', but longer.

«ʀ» represents a sound which was probably /ʒ/ during the Proto Norse period and had become similar to /r/ by the Old Norse period, eventually merging with /r/ in West Norse (Icelandic and Norwegian).

All other letters are pronounced roughly the same as in English


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