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Prologue // 序言
Prologue 序言 Sheung Lok House is a 16-storey Small Household Block situated in Sheung Lok Estate. |
ʙɢ Sheung Lok Estate // 常樂邨
Sheung Lok Estate 常樂邨 Located in Quarry Hill, Sheung Lok Estate（Chinese: 常樂邨） was built on the former site of Sheung Shing Street Temporary Housing Area. The estate was completed in 1998 and has only one residential building. |
ʙɢ Public Rental Housing // 公共租住房屋
Public Rental Housing 公共租住房屋 Public Rental Housing (PRH) estates are the most common type of public housing estates in Hong Kong, housing up to 28% of the city's population. Under the PRH scheme, the government offers rental flats with basic amenities to eligible tenants at an affordable price. |
ʙɢ Small Household Blocks // 小型單位大廈
Small Household Blocks 小型單位大廈 小型單位大廈原本有自己的標準單位設計，為解決獨居或與配偶同住的長者及輪椅人士的住屋需要，一款針對長者及輪椅人士需要的小型單位大廈設計在1994年面世，這類大廈設有標準的單位，但沒有固定結構形狀設計，然而規劃這類大廈時、一般都會按照地盤形狀大小及方向去設計，而小型單位大廈很多時在現有屋邨／社區剩餘／邊緣空間的小型地盤，以「見縫插針」的方式加建，所以房屋署也普遍在小型單位大廈下方的基座為現有屋邨／社區提供他們正所欠缺的社區設施，如社區會堂、商舖、不連裝修的社福機構單位、天橋、升降機塔及上落山通道等設施，借新工程以彌補原邨社區的不足。 由於小型單位大廈的興建往往涉及很多不同政府部門，加上設計必須因地制宜，故此房屋署把大部份的小型單位大廈都委託聘請給私人建築師事務所按房屋署標準規格及標準單位設計去設計，到後期房署則偏向採用附翼大廈及和諧式的單位設計大廈，會根據地盤的大小而決定，向高噪音道路或鐵路一邊，更有單方向設計。另外，小型單位大廈多設有兩個獨立電梯大堂，分別供低層長者住屋及高層獨立單位住戶使用。由於此類大廈主要照顧長者及輪椅人士而需要更高而嚴格的建築要求，其引伸出的獨特設計導致建築成本極高，因此往後房屋署已不再興建獨立的小型單位大廈，改為在非標準設計大廈設置更多小型單位。 Click here for more details on this topic. |
ⓘ Remarks for Download & Installation // 下載及安裝注意事項Expand to Read // 展開閱讀
下載及安裝注意事項
Texture Pack: Custom Texture Pack*
Shader Pack: SEUS PTGI E6
Client Version: Java Edition 1.12
Modifications: Optifine 1.12
*Based on IT-Project v2.2 128x [~10% custom extraction: with modified wools, stained clays, stones, and windows].
*To view this project properly, you have to install Optifine and the Custom Texture Pack.
• The download package includes the world-saves (1.12), schematics (1.12) and a texture pack (1.12).
• This project is made with Java Edition 1.12. To convert the save to newer versions, use the built-in converter.
• This project is made on a 5:1 scale. The building may appear a lot bigger than usual.
• This project is unfurnished. Interior decorations are not included.
• Feel free to use the building in your own project as long as you follow the license terms.
How to download and install Minecraft Maps?
Public housing blocks in Hong Kong are really machines for living in! They're often designed in the most pragmatic manner - fully exploiting the site's potential while adhering to all the building controls in terms of quality, safety and livability as mandated by the law. Housing machines are very well needed here in Hong Kong because we have some very serious housing issues.
Le Corbusier had once proposed that apartments are some kind of machine that efficiently houses people altogether in a place while having all the basic necessities of life within reach. Tenants should, by theory, feel "comfortable" and "productive" if their apartments are sufficiently functional.
However, to come up with a realistic and effective design, one has to consider many different factors throughout the process. Just imagine if you're the architect and you have to figure out an all-round solution to all these problems below:
- You are given a limited budget and a tight deadline.
- Your design must fulfil all the building requirements as mandated by the law.
- Your design should use up every inch of the site since lands are a precious resource.
- You still have to meet the minimum housing goal no matter how worse the site is.
- You have to make sure the rental income can cover the cost after "some" years.
- You have to make things fast to build and easy to maintain.
- and many more...
And if you try to address these issues in an overly rational way, you might overlook humanity. Let's not forget that apartments are actually made for people, so people's needs and feelings are also important. That's why a good design should be community-centred and a good designer should think more from the user's perspective. Similar to what we say, a good machine should also be "user-friendly" apart from just being efficient and easy to use. And that is also what public housing designs in Hong Kong lack at the moment - Sufficiently efficient but not sufficiently humane.
That's what makes architects one of the hardest jobs in the world. See the illustration below and you will learn how the professionals attempt to balance out all these factors to achieve an optimal development outcome.
Form Follows Function
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ㅤ形 隨 機 能ㅤ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ㅤ形 隨 機 能ㅤ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
Z-Shaped Layout // 之字型佈局
The zigzag form is among one of the most efficient layouts for building apartments at a better plot ratio. The design arranges flat units in a way that can adhere to the set of building standards known as the building controls as mandated by the law. These controls ensure the basic livability and safety of a building. |
Height Limiting // 高度限制
A taller building usually costs a lot more in design, construction and maintenance, and has to fulfil a stricter set of requirements as mandated by the law. For example, by having more than 40 floors, a building must include a mid-section refuge floor (i.e., fire barrier floor) as required by the Fire Safety (Buildings) Ordinance. That also explains why public apartments in Hong Kong rarely exceed 40 floors as a cost control convention. |
Gridded Facade // 網格立面
The use of a structural concrete grid is an answer to the use of thinner external walls. Windows are set back so they can be protected from direct sunlight and rain. The repetitive look also indicates the use of off-site manufactured prefabs and modules in the construction process. |
Vibrant Exterior // 充滿活力的外觀
"It looks like a bunch of birdcages!" That's the impression of public housing for most people. Since people dislike how repetitive and tedious looking these apartments are, the authority used a better exterior colour scheme to give them all a nicer look. Maybe it's still the "old wine in a new bottle", but at least now they have a more lively appearance and will become a better fit into their surroundings. The visual contrast also enables some of these buildings to be icons of their districts, helping tenants to build up a sense of belonging to where they live. Exterior painting is by far the most economic method to decorate a building. The cost of doing so is manageable while the visual effect is significant. Since the authority discourages its architects to put on any unnecessary aesthetic structures in their designs, playing with the exterior colouring seems the current best way for architects to decorate a building. |
ʙɢ Building Controls // 建築物規管
Building Controls 建築物規管 A poor living environment is a result of a lack of building controls. The Kowloon Walled City is a typical example illustrating how the absence of governance has contributed to a "living hell". To promote a healthy and safe built environment, the Government enacts statutory standards in the form of building laws and guidelines. These rules ensure user comfort by regulating lighting and ventilation, enforce urban design plans by setting rules on open space and density and protect life safety by requiring means of escape and engineering for earthquakes and landslides. Click here (hkedcity.net) for more details on this topic. |
ʙɢ Site-Specific Design Approach (Early Stage) // 因地制宜設計模式（前期）
Site-Specific Design Approach (Early Stage) 因地制宜設計模式（前期） The approach allows architects to adjust their designs to conform to the site context, restraints, and topography. For example, sea-facing units can have more windows for natural light and ventilation; noise-facing units can have their kitchens relocated as noise buffers; sides facing noise sources can have fewer floors to reduce the number of affected tenants, etc. The site-specific approach has been proven effective in projects like Sheung Lok Estate, where the site is small in size, irregular in shape and rugged in terrain. Click here (wikipedia.org) or here (legco.gov.hk) for more details on this topic. |
And that's how all these calculations end up - a perfectly engineered tool for housing people in the most economic and efficient manner.
Functionalism to the Extreme // 功能主義的極至
Apartments are housing machines. They are efficient tools for fully utilising the development potential of a site to generate the best economic outcomes from mass production at a limited budget and a limited provision of land. They are designed to meet all the basic livability, quality, and safety standards, while not exceeding the development limitations as mandated by the City Planning Ordinance, Buildings Ordinance, and Fire Safety Ordinance. Housing machines are essential to Hong Kong as they ease the pressure on the long public housing waiting list. 把房子看成住人的機器，設計以實用為本，既要讓建築充分發揮土地發展潛力與符合經濟效益，同時確保樓宇符合基本宜居、質量和安全標準，又不超出城市規劃條例、建築物條例及消防條例等法定所容許下的發展限制，以達致在有限的預算、有限的地盤面積及在最經濟的樓宇結構下，大量生產，提高建屋量，以紓緩公屋輪候冊的壓力。 |
Epilogue // 結語
Epilogue 結語 Housing machines may be sufficiently efficient in solving social problems but not that sufficiently humane in solving individual needs. What public housing designs in Hong Kong lack at the moment is the absence of community-centred considerations. While it looks like everyone in the city has a home now, the units are far too tiny in a way that it only caters to the need for survival, but barely anything for liveability. Future public housing development in Hong Kong should put more focus on the user's perspective and formulation of a liveable neighbourhood. Instead of only seeing public housing as a tool of governance, the Government should move a few steps further to see providing its people with a better living place as its main goal for developing public housing. A change can begin by enlarging the size of units and improving the built-in amenities. The new housing machines may cost more to build, but they are a necessary investment for providing its citizens with a better place to live. The times have changed. New adaptations are necessary for the betterment of the city's future. |
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Renders // 渲染
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Elevations // 立面圖
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Reference // 參考資料
Wikipedia - 常樂邨 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%A8%82%E9%82%A8 Wikipedia - 和諧式大廈 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E8%AB%A7%E5%BC%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88 Wikipedia - Hong Kong Public Housing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing_in_Hong_Kong Wikipedia - 非標準設計大廈: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88 Hong Kong Education City - Health and Safety Controls on Residential Buildings in Hong Kong: https://minisite.proj.hkedcity.net/hkiakit/eng/DAT/lesson_6.html Legislative Council Panel on Housing - Design of the New Public Housing Flats by HKHA: https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr14-15/english/panels/hg/papers/hg20150706cb1-1037-1-e.pdf Autodesk Hong Kong BIM Awards 2019 - Honorable Mentions - Housing Authority MFD Units: https://damassets.autodesk.net/content/dam/autodesk/www/campaigns/hk-bim-awards-site-project/2019/honorable-mention-hkha.pdf |
Disclaimer // 免責聲明
Disclaimer 免責聲明 • This work is not necessarily an exact recreation of the real object. Adaptations are made for ease of execution. • This work is a fan-made project and is not affiliated with any Government Agencies. • The content on this page may not always be accurate. Information is extracted from various sources. • This work is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Terms of Use // 使用條款
Terms of Use 使用條款  In order to achieve maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials, this work is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). You are free to share [copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format] or adapt [remix, transform, and build upon the material] my work as long as you follow the license terms. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit (e.g., author's name), provide a link to my project page or profile page, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. Non-Commercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. |
| Credit | wikipedia.org, hkedcity.net, autodesk.net, legco.gov.hk |
| Progress | 100% complete |
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Update #2 : by Dennie Mok 12/30/2022 1:04:33 pmDec 30th, 2022
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