This is going to be a really long Article. But im gonna break it up into parts so you dont have to read it over and over.

First thing before i start, This may not be 100% accurate. I know alot obout MineCraft but i dont know everything there is. Also appoligies for misspelling words.

First Spawning
when you first spawn, most people go punch a tree and start digging down. here is the one problem about that, You have no idea what time of day it is when your underground, and im pretty sure there is no Time Ticks (Time Ticks ,as i call them, are increments of the in-game time) shown in f3.
Another thing when people first spawn in, they go and build a house. Thats not a bad idea, but what im getting at is you want to find a biome that has low mob-spawn rates. This is what you normally want to do. Biomes like Mountains, and jungles are your best bet. Mountains have a hard-to-spawn on terrain. What i mean by that is mobs usually spawn in groups of 3 or 4. but with the "hard-to-spawn" terrain, mobs cannot spawn in these groups. And what i found out, jungles are even better. Mobs render vines and leaves as "Un-spawnable" blocks.  Also you can make a really cool tree house on the 2x2 trees.\
Shelters
When your making your first shelter, dont go all out and make tons of chest and furnaces. Just start out with a simple wooden house (with a door) and 1 or 2 double chest, a couple of furnaces, a crafting table, and a bed. Thats all you need to survive your first night. I would prefer you to build a shelter in a somewhat wooded area (hand fulls of trees are scattered around) and not under any sort of cliff or drop-off where mobs can fall from
Food
Finding food is something you should do after you build your house. If your not on Hardcore mode, go kill yourself t(in game. NOT IRL) to restore hunger. When you build your first shelter, go hunt for chickens, cows, pigs, and some seeds. Start a farm and try to breed animals.
First Night
(SUMMERY AT END) What i find most people do on their first night, including me when i first started playing, was making a "hiding hole" or a small shelter out of dirt. Thats a good idea if your on Hard Difficulty. But if your on Peaceful, there SHOULD ABSOLUTY BE NO FORM OF DIRT HUTS. On peaceful difficulty mobs cannot spawn. When your playing or Easy or Normal, you should have enough time in the day to find a "Hard-To-Spawn" Biome and get some wooden or even stone tools. Also when your on Hard, you should find a "Hard-To-Spawn" biome then after the first night get starter tools. (Summery: on Hard, Find a "Hard-To-Spawn" biome on your first day. On all other difficultys, Find a "Hard-To-Spawn" biome and try to get starter tools before night fall)
Second Day
What i find most people doing, is going mining. thats a good idea, but what i would do is expand your starter house. make chest rooms, a furnace room, a bed room (what other rooms are there? Too much i would say...) Once your happy with your expansions, I recomend getting a farm set-up.
Farming
This is a great thing to do on your second day. What most people do on their second day is go mining and compltely ignore that fact that they dont have food. When your making a farm, its best to make it next to a pond or ocean biome. You dont have to move water, or make infanite sources when your doing this. When you do this, your saving time when to make your farm, instead of mining and smelting buckets. This should be withing 100 meters (blocks are 1^3 meter [1 cubic meter]) of your starter house. If there is no water near by, it would be best to capture and breed animals for food. Also when you go on your first mining trip, there are under ground water pools that you can take (more info in next section).
First Mining Trip
This is something you should do on your second or third day. Mining is one of the main things in the game, Hence the name MINEcraft. Ores spawn on different levels (more info in ore section) and same with dungeons and caves. Now this might annoy you but what you want to do if find a cave near your. Caves allow you to find Ores faster. When your stip mining your wasting time and duribility on your tools. Caves can also have cons like , mobs spawning in them. But i HIGHLY recomend caving. Also you can be like Etho (https://www.youtube.com/user/EthosLab) and live in a cool cave.
More technical side of MineCraft
Redstone
Minecraft is also very technical. Most people do it becuase they like the fighting and challenges. But people ,like me, play it becuase they see the more technical aspects of the game. Redstone is one of the most  creative things in the game. You can make the most compact machine ever or make a massive minigame. But there is even more you can do with redstone. Command Blocks are EVEN better than the implemention of redstone. With command blocks, you can do all sorts of things with them. There is actually too many to list but if you want to see some amazing shit go check out sethbling (https://www.youtube.com/user/sethbling) Altho he has been posting old nintendo games, he can do some really cool stuff with command blocks.
Ores
ores are the improvements from wood. iron, gold, and diamond are the main ores that you can craft with. Redstone, lapis, emeralds, and coal are mainly used for other purposes. coal is for smelting and torches. Redstone is for making machines. Emeralds are for trading with Villagers. And lapis is for decoration and enchanting (using lapis for enchanting is for the next update) Ores spawn at diffent levels. and they also give you experience witch is necisary for enchanting and for anvils.
LIST OF ORE SPAWNING 

Ore type	Most found on...	Commonly found up to...	Rare on layers...	None at or above...	Lowest tier of pickaxe needed for drop	Found in...
Coal	Layers 5-52	Layer 128	Layer 129-131	Layer 132		The Overworld
Iron	Layers 5-54	Layer 64	Layer 65-67	Layer 68		The Overworld
Lapis Lazuli	Layers 14-16 [note 1]	Layer 23	Layer 31-33	Layer 34		The Overworld
Gold	Layers 5-29	Layer 29	Layer 31-33	Layer 34		The Overworld
Diamond	Layers 5-12	Layer 12	Layer 13-15	Layer 16		The Overworld
Redstone	Layers 5-12	Layer 12	Layer 13-15	Layer 16		The Overworld
Emerald[note 2]	Layers 5-29	Layer 29	Layer 30-32	Layer 33		The Overworld, only in theExtreme Hills biome
Nether Quartz[note 3]	Layers 15-120	Layer 120	Layer 124-125	Layer 126		The Nether

Source: http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Ore
ALL NOTES ARENT LISTED ON THIS PAGE. ALL NOTES AND LINKS CLICKED WILL BRING YOU TO minecraft.gamepedia.com

Minecraft World
what i mean by this is how the worlds are generated and how the game is a 3d map. Usually your minecraft worlds are spawned in this order, Structures (if option is ture), Caves and Ravines, Ores, Lava and Water Pools, then blocks that fill in the space left over that correspond with your biomes genetated. Now the 3d map thing is a little confusing. But, weve all graphed a line on a graph in school, right? well imagine this. Every little square on your graph is a Chunk of world (usually 16x16) now the game you would be playing would be 2 dimensonal, but thats not what minecraft is. the Y axis is the hight of your graph. now imagine a cube, with all these little squares on every surface. That is your minecraft world. except, infanite.

Hopefully this isnt too confusing, but if you found this helpful in anyway. please leave a diamond, comment, or like. Can we get this blog post to the front page in the featured slideshow?


 Some other final notes: I will update this if i forgot anything or if you guys tell me i forgot something.
This took Literally 2 hours to type.  i started at 9 and when i hit the publish button it turned 11.
Im exhausted But i Really hope you found this useful. I take no credit for the ore diagram, or the 2 AWESOME channels i put in the blog. Also me and a group of friends started a youtube channel recently. We plan to play all sorts of games with our friends who arent on the team and group recordings on fridays. CLICK HERE TO SEE OUR CHANNEL  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWK2PZWG3cCstcrmhFiemQA