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Master Miner: The Ultimate Mining Manual

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The Wandmaker's Avatar The Wandmaker
Level 18 : Journeyman Miner
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Master Miner: The Ultimate Mining Manual

The Preface: Breaking Stone Under Hill

Hello. This is The Wandmaker. Here is my in-depth mining guide.

The aim is to mine as efficiently as possible. However, of course, this notion depends on what type of mining you are going for, if you want diamonds and nothing else, then the method which proves most efficient, proves rather inefficient for iron mining, by definition. Alas, you do not want to use an overall mining method all the while hoping for lots of diamonds and you do not want use a diamond mining method if you really want gold.

I will be showing you three mining methods, which are in the top five mining methods for overall mining, at the very least (meaning they may very well be the top three methods possible, or at least two of them will be).

I suggest you have one of your mines setup in an extreme hills biome so you can gather emeralds (this will be most efficient on a large biome world, as supposed to default), and all mines should be layered/tiered, meaning, you should not just mine on X (level(s)) for Y (ore(s)), rather you should set up the most mines possible across the best possible X for Y in order to gather almost all Y (such as, when lava is not present, the best method for revealing almost all blocks across all diamond levels is an advanced tiered branch mine from levels 5-15, at three blocks high for each tier, you fit three tiers into this mining system).

I also suggest your base/main playing area be at the centre of this ultimate mine, either underwater, above ground, in the sky, or underground, you will then need fast travel between your base and the mines, which should be spread out 500-1,000 (best is some type of teleportation system).

Below is a quick look at the average amount of ores per chunk:
Coal 142.6
Iron 77
Redstone 25.0
Gold 8.4
Lapis Lazuli 3.4
Diamond 3.1
Emerald 0.3

And here is a look at the most efficient levels to mine all the ores:
Coal Levels 5-52
Iron Levels 5-54
Lapis Lazuli Levels 14-16 (15 being the optimal due to the unique tapering priority of lapis, which means it becomes rarer below and above level 15, the most common levels thus work out to be 14 though 16.)
Gold Levels 5-29
Diamond Levels 5-12
Redstone Levels 5-12
Emerald Levels 5-29

Note: Lava is most common between levels 5-10, making 11 the lowest you should ever go (unless there is no lava in your world, in which case your mines should layer from levels 5 through 12-16 for lapis, diamond, and redstone, and levels 5 through 54 for coal, iron, and gold, and only in extreme hills biomes should your mine go from levels 5 to 29 for emeralds, or levels 10 through 29 if lava is present. Diamonds are also rarer in emerald chunks and chunks which are not 100% within extreme hills biomes, that being, if the chunk goes out into a new biome type, it will still have emeralds within that chunk. Layered mines should be three blocks high in total, two blocks of air acting as the branches/tunnels where you will be mining, and the third above you acting as the floor for the next layer, thus making it as efficient as possible, if going from 5-12+ that is, however, in your one-layered diamond mine, for example, the ground level should be at 11 and the ceiling at 15 (15 being the highest level diamonds will spawn at), this way you get every possible diamond excluding the lava covered levels 5 through 10, you will have also a space of four blocks tall in your mine, meaning you have some room to make it look nice, whilst not taking away from efficiency.


Contents
1. Standing on firm ground: Choosing level(s) to mine
1.1 Out of necessity or desire: Choosing production
2. All things considered: Preparing to mine
2.1 Safety is a factor: Weighing the risks
3. Hollowed Halls: Mining strategies
3.1 The advanced 'chunk mining' windmill method
3.2 The advanced tiered branch mining method
3.3 The advanced pinwheel mining method for maximum ores, over large
distances, over long periods of time


1. Standing on firm ground: Choosing level(s) to mine

As noted in the preface, the level to mine is 11. Not 10. Not 12. Not 14. 11.

Since lava fills up every air block between levels 1-10, and since diamonds are not as common on level 9 due to lava lakes, not only will you find fewer diamonds by mining on level 10 but you are also more likely to run directly into lava. 12 is one of the best choices but not the most efficient, by mining on level 11 you are able to see block 12 above you and 10 below you, thus revealing as many diamonds as possible, whereas if you mine on level 12, you see block 11 below you (which you would get by mining on level 11, and no block ten), and you see block 13 above you, which is not one of the more common levels for diamonds. Mining above level 12, such as level 14, runs into the same problem only worse, and no diamonds spawn at or above level 16. Use the second table above to find out which levels to build your ore-specific mine(s).


1.1 Out of necessity or desire: Choosing production

Now it is time to think about precisely what you want from your mine. Your answer here will determine which mine type you should choose for maximum efficiency.

If you want a diamond mine, see 1. and if you want a gold mine, then your ground floor should not be at 11, but at 15, so it can be above your diamond mine, and this way you have no problems with lava, you should layer a gold mine up to level 29, the last good level for gold, you will collect most of the gold from levels 15-29, this gives you a mine of 14 levels, with a tiered system of 3, you can fit 5 layers to the gold mine, for example.

If you want a redstone mine, it will be no different to a diamond mine with regards to the levels, however, redstone is 8 times more common than diamond, redstone ore blocks also spawn in veins of 4-8, and gives 1-5 pieces of redstone per block, and since the average amount of redstone per chunk is 25, this is an average of 7 out of 8 blocks and 4 out of 5 pieces of redstone, which is very good indeed, it is also easy to formulate the most efficient redstone mine from these figures (unless the figures are incorrect, of course).

Since the veins are large, this means they are more than likely to span across many blocks, meaning the space between your branches should be large, to ensure you do not come across the same vein from two branches, some suggest 5-6 block spacing between branches is best for large ore veins, such as with redstone, others suggest 3-4 to ensure you see almost every block without wasting any by having the branch mines too close to one another, such as with the very common spacing of 2 (although a spacing of 2 may be one of the most efficient ways to mine diamonds).

The mining methods I am going to show you have a spacing of 4, this being right in between 2-6, this way you do miss some, yet you cover the most amount of chunks as fast as possible whilst still getting most of the ore, this also means you mine 20-30% of the cobblestone in every chunk, whereas with the traditional mining methods you mine between 40-50% (or as much as 100%) of cobblestone in every chunk, meaning, you save, on average, 15% of cobblestone mining time, which works out to be 37 blocks and near half a minute saved per chunk, which is not much time in and of itself, but since chunks do not take long to mine, half a minute every chunk will add up to hours wasted, and you will have only found a few extra ores, but, in the same hours, you could have mined out many more chunks and thus found, on average, many more ores.

Yet, I suggest a spacing of 6 or more would be too sparse, and a spacing of 2-3 would be inefficient for everything other than diamonds. I am going to show you overall mine types, this is why they have a spacing of 4. They are the best for most ores, yet not the best for diamonds, which makes them the best overall, but, you can simply create any spacing you wish from these models. Although I feel people really want the very best overall mine, but since they are never the best for each and every ore, I suggest you build more than one mine type, so that you can efficiently gather everything. By layering your mine, you can have different types upon one another, such as you can have a diamond mine beneath a gold mine, beneath an iron mine. But, you can not have a diamond and a redstone mine in the same mine. Note that your iron mine will also be a coal mine by default since the two ores are most common between levels 5-54.


2. All things considered: Preparing to mine

We come to actually getting... nearly ready to mine. On a normal Minecraft world, mining at level 11, you must be equipped with:
One standard size two pewter cauldron, and may bring if you desire, either an owl, a cat, or a toad... no, wait, that's not right! Potterrr!

You will need: a water bucket (to remove lava/save yourself certain death), iron and/or diamond pickaxes, and torches, and if you plan on leaving all the cobblestone behind, a crafting table, sticks, furnaces, armour, and a sword, among other things, maybe.


2.1 Safety is a factor: Weighing the risks

Safety, in terms of how you mine, mainly to avoid lava completely - or to the best of your abilities. The reason 12 is the most common level for mining diamonds, is that you can still see level 11 beneath you, yet you remove the risk of falling into lava, making this much safer, yet it does remove from the efficiency, but, if you want to mine for all ores, across many chunks, over time, mindlessly, without thinking about it, then I suggest you do, in fact, mine at level 12 rather than 11. Again, the reason this is not as good is because above you is level 13, not as common a level for diamond, but still, it is one of the common levels, so it is not wasted, you will find diamonds at level 13. And since at best you will be putting in only tens of hours into mining, you simply will not be mining for a long enough time period to notice the differance between mining on level 11 and level 12, on average.


Master Miner: The Ultimate Mining Manual




Red - Level 5 (too much lava for mining.)

Green - Level 10 (last lava level, thus level 11 is best for diamonds, but lava is present.)

Blue - Level 12 (second best diamond level, with less lava.)

Black - Level 9 (worst level for diamonds.)



3. Hollowed Halls: Mining strategies

Okay, now we really are into the main article. I am going to show you each mining method individually, I am also going to give screenshots - everybody loves picture books.


3.1 The advanced 'chunk mining' windmill method

This little clever thing is the advanced windmill, with 4 block spacing rather than the original 3, this way you maximum blocks revealed over many chunks, each module fits 4 chunks, and because there are 4 block spaces and not 3, this means you get to the next chunk faster, in turn helping even more, but, of course, some ores are missed this way, and with the 3 spacing, some ores are missed, too, but 2 spacing (ensuring you do not miss any ores) is simply not as effient. Picture time?

Master Miner: The Ultimate Mining Manual



Bird's-eye view of a single module, perfectly within 4 chunks. The black wool blocks denotes chunks (16x16 blocks), white wool blocks denotes air blocks (the blocks where you mine), the blue wool blocks and yellow wool blocks are markers spaced every five blocks, the green wool block in the centre is your starting point, and the redstone dust around the white wool blocks (air blocks) on the stone denotes blocks that you can see from within the branches.

You mine out in a spiral type pattern, covering as much ground as possible without getting lost and without traveling back down branches you have already dug out, like in a normal branch mine. As you can see, there is only a two block space between branches which you can not see, meaning you only lose ore veins of 1-2, and you collect all others, in the original plan, you only lose ore veins of 1, meaning, a spacing of three would be better for pure diamond mining, but not as good for other mines/chunk mining.

At this point, you may be wondering why this is better than simply extending the branches down in the same direction thus creating a more standard branch mine we are all used to, well, I can show you in the next screenshot.


Master Miner: The Ultimate Mining Manual


Here I have used brown wool blocks to extend north and south creating a normal branching system, where you just go up and down, the reason this is worse is as follows: whilst it is true you do not miss as many ores, look how many brown wool blocks were added, the answer is 130, 13 lots of 5, 2 blocks high, and you are stuck in the same four chunks, and since you've mined and/or seen most of the four chunks already, it is unlikely that you will find more diamonds, etc. in these extra blocks, it also means you bring the total of blocks mined up to 40-50% rather than the former 20-30%, in short, these brown wool blocks are wasteful, whereas the white wool blocks (air blocks) are useful. With an iron pickaxe it takes 0.4 seconds to mine cobblestone, making it roughly 2 cobblestone per second, at this rate it will take you around one minute to mine the extra 130 cobblestone blocks, in which time, you could have mined 60% of another windmill (covering two new chunks), thus giving much more ore.


3.2 The advanced tiered branch mining method

This is the art of stacking branch mines on top of one another, I would only suggest this method for diamond mining in a world without lava, so it may go from level 5 to 12, as seen in the screenshot below, you fit four tiers this way, you should also have one going in every direction. As the title suggests, you get almost all of the ores in any given chunk. I have spaced the branches five blocks and since you can see the block right next to the branch on both sides, this leaves three blocks missed between each branch, it does not cover chunks as quickly as the former method, however, and it also means you have to travel back on yourself for great distances, in essence wasting time. It also is not good enough for any other type of mining, or, rather, it is one of the best ways of branch mining in the standard way, but it's not as good as the other two methods.





White - Air blocks

Blue - Stairs

Black - Chunks

Redstone - Blocks you can see from within the air blocks

Stone - Cobblestone left untouched

Stone (under the redstone) - Where you will find your ore


3.3 The advanced pinwheel mining method for maximum ores, over large distances, over long periods of time

Here we stand, at least. This is the advanced pinwheel mining system.

Again, I have a spacing of four blocks, meaning that I only miss the two in the very middle of each branch, this one also perfectly fits, well, every chunk, in every direction (perfectly fits four chunks in the screenshot), but again, it will miss diamonds, so, for diamonds only, it is best to have a spacing of only two, this way you uncover every single block. Now, as the title suggests, this is for maximum ores, over large distances, over long periods of time, meaning, it does take a while, and it is not small, yet it is the best setup overall, you start on the four-by-four green wool block, which is big enough for travel, this layout ensures you do not get lost or cross over branches, and again, in case I was not clear... with two spacing, this is able to cover every single chunk in the world! (Literally.)









I think this method is elegant, much more so than 3.2 and clearly, I believe in this one the most due to the longer title and it being last. It is also not confusing and tedious, unlike 3.2 and 3.1, which makes it nice and easy for everybody, it also gives endless amounts of room to make it aesthetic, it also gives room for chests to store your ores and stones, and it has easy access via the centre four blocks.


In conclusion: Only use 3.2 Advanced tiered branch mining method for diamonds if your world is without lava. 3.2 Advanced 'chunk mining' windmill method is best for mining through many chunks very quickly. 3.3 Advanced pinwheel mining method is best for freedom, and completely mining all the chunks, over long periods of time.

Regardless, you should create five mines in your world, one pinwheel at the centre, with your base above it or below it, and then four windmill mines (north, east, south, west), the windmills should be above or below the pinwheel so they do not interact with one another, and you should start 500-1000 blocks out, this way you efficiently gather as many ores as possible across as many chunks as possible. Beautiful.




Comment or message me with any questions you have or corrections, indeed.


Thank You. :)


- Wandmaker
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1
02/18/2017 1:05 am
Level 44 : Master Electrician
Bob_In_Soup
Bob_In_Soup's Avatar
Really nice tutorial, but I think it could use some better formatting. Perhaps consider using some spoilers to limit scrolling
1
02/18/2017 3:24 pm
Level 18 : Journeyman Miner
The Wandmaker
The Wandmaker's Avatar
Sorry, I really don't know how to use Planet Minecraft for blogs, all I know is to write walls of text. Hhahah. But, thank you. I have noted that this is not perfect. I am now trying to design the best chest storage system which I will use in my Dwarven Kingdom project.
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