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Saab JAS-39 Gripen
Gripen multi-purpose fighter was created, starting from the mid-1980s, for the defense of their country — there was a need for a new generation fighter, created at a qualitatively new level, which could simultaneously be an interceptor, reconnaissance and strike aircraft. The concept of the fighter was initially based on flexibility: the new fighter was supposed to be able to operate from poorly prepared airfields and have a shortened take-off, be convenient and easy to maintain, have a high operating time of elements for failure and be maximally optimized for combat operations in Sweden.Funding for the development of the fighter began in 1980, the tactical and technical requirements were approved in 1981, and in 1982 the Swedish government decided to launch a full-scale fighter program called JAS-39. In 1985, tests of the engine began, on April 26, 1987, the first prototype fighter "39-1" was rolled out, and on December 9, 1988, the Gripen first took to the air.
The first flight prototype "39-1" was lost on landing in 1989. The second prototype "39-2" took off in 1990, in the same year tests of prototypes "39-4" and "39-3" began and in 1991 the last prototype of the experimental series took off. In 1992, the first serial JAS-39A with the factory number 39101 was launched, which was also included in the tests. All R & D under the program was completed at the end of 1996 — by this time, the six machines involved in the tests had completed more than 1,800 flights, flying 2,300 hours.
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