Coming into service in the early 1950s, the MiG-17 was introduced as further development of the well regarded MiG-15, and soon became one of the most successful transonic fighters introduced before the supersonic era. Though visually similar, the "Fresco" had numerous improvements over its older sibling. It was faster, more agile and more powerful. Additionally, it was more stable, having a 45-42° wing sweep to the MiG-15's 35° Later developments would see the use of an afterburner, making it the first Soviet fighter to utilize the technology.

Fulfilling the same role as the MiG-15 it replaced, the MiG-17 kept the same 23mm cannons (some later models added a third 23mm cannon, or added back the 37mm cannon. Other later variants utilized early air-to-air missiles) that helped the MiG-15 gain its reputation. Unsurprisingly, the MiG-17 did not disappoint, seeing extensive use in Vietnam where it was greatly successful, even against the Western supersonic fighters.

20 countries flew the type, and over 10,650 Frescos were produced, including the Polish PZL-Mielec Lim-5 and 6 models, and Chinese Shenyang J-5 variants. Many of these aircraft can be seen flying today as warbirds.