Pashkov house — one of the most famous classic buildings in Moscow, now owned by the Russian state library. Designed (presumably) by Vasily Bazhenov.
Pashkov house was built in 1784-1786, by order of the captain-Lieutenant of the life guards Semenov regiment Peter egorovicha Pashkov the son of an orderly Peter I, presumably, by the architect Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov. Throughout the twentieth century there were different points of view on the question of his authorship, since the written evidence was not preserved, and the only thing that proves it belongs to Bazhenov, is the oral tradition and architectural Bazhenov manner.
The first owner was P. E. Pashkov, whose surname the mansion got its name. His successor, A. I. Pashkov, and the son of the late Basil preferred the old HOMESTEAD "second Pashkov house" on moss (now a building of journalism faculty of Moscow state University). In the early nineteenth century Bazhenov masterpiece was in ruins.

In 1839 the house was purchased from the heirs of the Pashkov Treasury for the Moscow University. In 1843 it housed the Moscow nobiliary Institute, converted from the University Noble boarding house, and later the Institute was reorganized to the 4th city grammar school (since 1852).
In 1861 the building was taken over for storage of the collections and library of the Rumyantsev Museum.
In 1921, in connection with admission to the Museum after the revolution more than four hundred abandoned, ownerless and nationalized book collections in all departments of the Museum were removed from the Pashkov house. It was only the Museum's library, renamed and transformed into the famous State library of the USSR. V. I. Lenin, the building was designated under the Department of rare manuscripts[2]. Currently, the Pashkov house is a complex of buildings libraries, but many years were not used, as there was constantly repairing, which began in 1988 and ended in 2007.
At the moment, in the right wing of the Pashkov house is located in the Department of manuscripts in the left — note-music Department and the Department of cartographic publications available to readers in April 2009.
The building has a varied and interesting silhouette, due to the fact that it is composed of three compact architectural volumes: the Central block and side wings-wings. Simply put, the mansion, being both an urban mansion, has a U-shaped layout with an entrance courtyard. The original solution — the entrance is not from the main facade, and in the alley, a traditional layout is like inverted. High hill creates the foot of the building. Once in front of the mansion was the garden.
The original color of the building walls, according to some sources, was orange. The beginning of the change Bazhenov appearance of the building was laid by the Emperor Paul, on his orders the domes were removed it crowning the statue of Minerva (or Mars, which was the symbol of the victories of the reign of his mother).

Tsarist era
During the Napoleonic invasion, the building was severely damaged, destroying the final building, a wooden gazebo with bypass colonnade of the Corinthian order, and ascended the entablature of the Central portico the building of a huge group of sculptures and the coat of arms Pashkov.

Later the building was restored with the features of the Moscow poslevoennogo of classicism in the years 1815-1818 one of the architects of the "Commission for buildings of Moscow", apparently Osip Bove, restored Belvedere, replacing the old round Corinthian columns on three quarters of the Ionian, thus utagulov home staging heavier orders over easier. In addition, was modified lateral longitudinal galleries. Initially, they were open transition balconies and they were crowned with balustrades only, squishie against the sky, but now they are covered by a gable roof. Lost sculptural decoration was not restored. In 1841, architect A. Nikitin made a reconstruction project of the house for placing the Noble institution of. He also led the redevelopment together with the architect I. I. Swiatowym.

The building functioned as the Rumyantsev Museum, it was renovated in connection with the functionality: when Alexander II, the Museum was presented with a painting of Alexander Ivanov "the appearance of Christ to the people", possessing great size, especially for her in 1914 by the architect N. L. by Levakovym was built is preserved to this day in Ivanovo double-height hall is a special building next to puchkovym house, planned in such a way that with a relatively small amount of opened the most successful of its review — at the end of the Suite room on the second floor.

The Soviet era


In accordance with the 1935 General plan for reconstruction of Moscow next to puchkovym the house had to undergo a new wide front street Avenue of Ilyich, connecting Dzerzhinsky square and the square with a new architectural dominant of the Moscow Palace of the Soviets, built on the ruins of the Temple of Christ the Savior. The same General Plan called for the construction of a new Big Stone bridge, exit from which is supposed to seamlessly integrate into the alley of Ilyich. The implementation of these ideas in the end of 1930 years was made possible due to the absorption of part of the garden of the Pashkov house and the demolition of the fence, which was an important part of the appearance of the building. With white columns and fences Tuscan order emphasized the upward tendency from the foot of the hill, at top of movement picked up by the columns of the portico. Now the audience's perception has changed: the movement begins not with the foot of the hill, from the columns of the fence and from the base of the building on top of a hill. In addition the architect V. I. By Dolganov in 1934 on the slope were built the existing monumental white-stone staircase with a terrace-platform, down to the moss, and on the main facade of the building, in the place previously occupied by the coat of arms Pashkov, was placed the hammer and sickle. The internal layout of the Pashkov house was changed more radically from the Bazhenov and interior walls and stairs is almost absolutely nothing left.

The last change in the image of the Pashkov house occurred during one of the repairs 1980-ies, when the Soviet coat of arms was removed from the facade.

In 1986, during the construction of the metro station "Borovitskaya" donkey the Foundation of the Pashkov house, cracked his ceiling and the building was on the verge of destruction. Until 2007, the building was under reconstruction.