Made for someone's question on Reddit but anyone can use

Allows the player to right click the carrot on a stick and "shoot" and damage any entity. Works very well in singleplayer and on any mob that is about the size of the player: zombies, skeletons, husks, creepers, pillagers, witches, etc. Works fine with other mobs.
Does NOT work on players.

When you load the pack up/ reload the pack, it sets the damage of the "shot" to 5 for everyone in the world. You will need to manually set the damage for everyone not in the world at that time, or reload again. The damage can be easily be changed with:
/scoreboard players set @p damage #
where # is the amount of damage you want to do.

It works in multiplayer, but can be inaccurate if multiple people have different damage values near each other.

The particles are more or less visual feedback and can easily be changed