Published Jul 28th, 2023, 7/28/23 9:36 am
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Stanisław Żółkiewski was a Polish nobleman of the Lubicz coat of arms, magnate, military commander, and a chancellor of the Polish crown of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, who took part in many campaigns of the Commonwealth and on its southern and eastern borders. He occupied a number of high-ranking posts in the administration of the Commonwealth, including Castellan of Lwów, voivod of the Kyiv Voivodeship, and Great Chancellor of the Crown. From 1588 he was also a Field Crown Hetman, and in 1618 was promoted to Grand Hetman of the Crown. During his military career, he won major battles against Sweden, Muscovy, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tatars.
Żółkiewski's best-known victory was against combined Russian and Swedish forces at the battle of Klushino in 1610, in the aftermath of which the Poles seized and occupied Moscow. He died in the 1620 battle of Cecora against the Ottomans, after allegedly refusing to retreat.
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