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All the natural generated structures and info you need to know about Mine craft world.
The Overworld contains numerous generated structures, at a wide variety of scales.
Hills are randomly generated pieces of land in the map. Like stairs, hills are always traverse-able to their lowest point by virtue of the algorithm which generates them; there is almost always a place on each level from where the next level can be accessed, meaning that the player can climb a hill one level at a time until they reach the top. Cases where this is not true are rare.
Beaches usually generate next to oceans and cover all nearby shorelines. They come in two different varieties: sand beach and stone beach. Sandstone is located below sand in sand beaches. Stone beaches are usually steep cliffs that lead straight into the water.
A usual sand beach

A mushroom biome next to a beach

Oceans/Seas are huge bodies of water with every single water tile being a source block. The ground can rise high enough to produce small, relatively barren islands. Prior to the Adventure Update, oceans were generated as part of the terrain generation algorithm, but since then, they are part of the ocean biome.
Deep oceans have a chance to spawn with an ocean monument.

Lakes are small bodies of liquid. Water lakes, which are small pools of water springs, can generate above sea level or inside caverns. They can also generate isolated underground, connected to no other structures whatsoever. When in a winter biome, these small lakes are never initially frozen but will turn to ice if exposed. The lakes can also be composed of lava; however, lakes of lava are much rarer. Lava lakes found at the surface are surrounded by stone (which can be replaced by ore veins such as dirt, gravel and coal). Both types of lake generate with a small air pocket above them, which may result in floating sand, floating snow cover or even the top 2/3rds of trees above the lake. Lava lakes may cause trees to burn away.






Ravines are tall, long cracks of air, usually measuring around 30 to 50 blocks in height, 84 to 112 blocks long and no more than 7 blocks wide. Ravines can have small ledges along the top. They can be found at levels 20 to 68, sometimes appearing on the world surface or underwater, forming canyons. They can go very deep underground, sometimes spawning slimes or exposing diamond ore. If they reach deep enough, they may also be floored by the lava lakes at level 11. In the Amplified world type, ravines can reach from surface level to bedrock. Ravines can also be found in oceans or rivers having a waterfall from the river/ocean falling into them.
Ravines can connect to caves, dungeons, abandoned mineshafts, and any other generated structures. Due to the large surface area of their walls, ravines often have water and/or lava flowing down them (from springs in the walls, underground lakes, or even openings to the sea).










Abandoned mine shafts are structures generated underground which consist of branching mining tunnels with wooden supports and broken rails passing through it. Cave spider spawners can be found in mine shafts. Open areas generate with oak wooden bridges instead of leaving floating platforms. They contain minecarts with chests that may have rare items such as diamonds and horse armor. They may also contain iron ingots, coal, pickaxes, and other useful items. They are likely to expose veins of coal, iron, lapis lazuli, gold ore, and rarely, emerald and diamond ore.



Biome
Any
Consists of
Oak Wood Planks
Oak fence
Torch
Rail
Cobweb
Monster Spawner
Strongholds are structures that contain multiple rooms, doors and other aspects (some of these rooms include libraries, fountain rooms, dungeon-like rooms, etc.). There are 128 per world. Stone brick, mossy stone brick, cracked stone brick, doors, iron bars, monster eggs and stone slabs are the materials that make up the strongholds. They also contain silverfish, which one should be careful of when digging around in strongholds. Portals to The End are found in specific rooms in strongholds. Chests may be found containing items such as books, redstone, ender pearls, apples, bread, compasses, iron tools/armor, and diamonds. Strongholds can be found by right clicking an eye of ender, which will be thrown into the air and point the direction where the End portal is, showing the way to the stronghold.


Biome
Any
Consists of
Stone Bricks
Cracked Stone Bricks
Mossy Stone Bricks
Water
Monster Spawner
Iron Bars
Lava
End Portal Frame
Torch
Oak Fence
Chest
Stone Brick Slab
Cobblestone
Stone Brick Stairs
Oak Wood Planks
Ladder
Stone Slab
Stone Button
Iron Door
Oak Door
Cobblestone Stairs
Bookshelf
Cobweb
Stone Brick Monster Egg
Dungeons are small, mostly underground, one-room spaces bordered by moss stone and cobblestone, and typically contain chests with rare items, and a hostile monster spawner in the center. Dungeons generate with either a zombie (50% chance), skeleton (25% chance), or spider (25% chance) spawner. Occasionally a player may find that the spawner is covered with gravel and will be harder to reach, yet the mobs can still spawn with the gravel around it. The chests may contain rare valuables, such as music discs, enchanted books, saddles, horse armor, and golden apples. Rarely, multiple dungeons can generate next to each other. Dungeons generated in a desert can sometimes be visible from the surface due to the sand falling down.


Biome
Any
Consists of
Cobblestone
Moss Stone
Monster Spawner
Chest
Can generate
post-generation
No
Dessert Well
These well-like structures built of sandstone blocks and slabs generate only in the desert biome. They have a 1/1000 chance to be generated in any desert chunk, which makes them a rare sight. It is possible for a well to generate around a cactus. The well structure will still spawn with the "Generate Structures" option disabled.


Villages are generated in desert, plains and savanna biomes and are a site for villagers, with whom the player can trade. They are composed of a random selection of various buildings and farms. There is always exactly one well, other buildings can be any of several different houses, single or double farms, blacksmith's shop, library, butcher's shop, or church. Villages are built with different materials depending on their biome; villages in plains and savanna biomes are comprised of oak wood, oak planks and cobblestone, and villages in deserts are built with varying types of sandstone. Villages may generate partly submerged in water. This results in some of the path being made of wood (Pocket Edition exclusive). The villagers move about in the area around the village, retreating indoors at night and during storms. Villages have three-block wide paths to join all houses.


Desert temples, also known as pyramids, are found in deserts. They mainly consist of sandstone and stained clay. In the middle of the temple is a block of blue stained clay, which if destroyed, reveals a deep, hidden chamber underneath, where players can find 4 chests, which can contain valuable loot, and a stone pressure plate trap connected to a 3×3 grid of TNT. Treasures found in the chests include emeralds, diamonds, iron ingots, gold ingots, rotten flesh, enchanted books, and bones. While rotten flesh, bones and gold ingots are found frequently, other treasures are not as common.

Jungle temples are found in jungles, and mainly consist of cobblestone and mossy cobblestone. There are three floors, the bottom floor containing a chest and a puzzle. The chest is found through a corridor which contains hidden tripwires that triggers a dispenser to shoot arrows at the player. The player must carefully navigate through the corridor while triggering the tripwires. The puzzle is located at the opposite of the corridor and consists of three levers that must be pulled in the correct order to open a secret door which reveals another chest.

Witch huts generate in swamp biomes. Among all hostile mobs, only witches spawn in the 7x7x9 area inside and around the hut. There is one empty cauldron, one crafting table and one potted red mushroom inside each hut. However, in 1.8 the flower pot contains no mushrooms.


Ocean monuments are underwater structures that spawn in deep oceans. They spawn in the shape of a pyramid with many randomly-generated rooms. They are composed of all three variants of prismarine and lit by sea lanterns. Eight gold blocks encased in dark prismarine can be found inside as treasures. Also, a random assortment of sponges may generate inside. Guardians and elder guardians spawn here.


Igloos are structures that spawn in snowy biomes. They consist of the igloo structure, and sometimes, a basement. In the basement there is a villager and a zombie villager, both of the same profession, locked up underground. The basement is accessible by removing one of the carpets to reveal a hidden trapdoor.



I did not take those screenshots and all this data those are all owned by Mojang.
Open me!

Sources:
http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Generated_structures
All the natural generated structures and info you need to know about Mine craft world.
The Overworld contains numerous generated structures, at a wide variety of scales.
Hills are randomly generated pieces of land in the map. Like stairs, hills are always traverse-able to their lowest point by virtue of the algorithm which generates them; there is almost always a place on each level from where the next level can be accessed, meaning that the player can climb a hill one level at a time until they reach the top. Cases where this is not true are rare.
Beaches usually generate next to oceans and cover all nearby shorelines. They come in two different varieties: sand beach and stone beach. Sandstone is located below sand in sand beaches. Stone beaches are usually steep cliffs that lead straight into the water.
A usual sand beach

A mushroom biome next to a beach

Oceans/Seas are huge bodies of water with every single water tile being a source block. The ground can rise high enough to produce small, relatively barren islands. Prior to the Adventure Update, oceans were generated as part of the terrain generation algorithm, but since then, they are part of the ocean biome.
Deep oceans have a chance to spawn with an ocean monument.

Lakes are small bodies of liquid. Water lakes, which are small pools of water springs, can generate above sea level or inside caverns. They can also generate isolated underground, connected to no other structures whatsoever. When in a winter biome, these small lakes are never initially frozen but will turn to ice if exposed. The lakes can also be composed of lava; however, lakes of lava are much rarer. Lava lakes found at the surface are surrounded by stone (which can be replaced by ore veins such as dirt, gravel and coal). Both types of lake generate with a small air pocket above them, which may result in floating sand, floating snow cover or even the top 2/3rds of trees above the lake. Lava lakes may cause trees to burn away.






Ravines are tall, long cracks of air, usually measuring around 30 to 50 blocks in height, 84 to 112 blocks long and no more than 7 blocks wide. Ravines can have small ledges along the top. They can be found at levels 20 to 68, sometimes appearing on the world surface or underwater, forming canyons. They can go very deep underground, sometimes spawning slimes or exposing diamond ore. If they reach deep enough, they may also be floored by the lava lakes at level 11. In the Amplified world type, ravines can reach from surface level to bedrock. Ravines can also be found in oceans or rivers having a waterfall from the river/ocean falling into them.
Ravines can connect to caves, dungeons, abandoned mineshafts, and any other generated structures. Due to the large surface area of their walls, ravines often have water and/or lava flowing down them (from springs in the walls, underground lakes, or even openings to the sea).










Abandoned mine shafts are structures generated underground which consist of branching mining tunnels with wooden supports and broken rails passing through it. Cave spider spawners can be found in mine shafts. Open areas generate with oak wooden bridges instead of leaving floating platforms. They contain minecarts with chests that may have rare items such as diamonds and horse armor. They may also contain iron ingots, coal, pickaxes, and other useful items. They are likely to expose veins of coal, iron, lapis lazuli, gold ore, and rarely, emerald and diamond ore.



Biome
Any
Consists of
Oak Wood Planks
Oak fence
Torch
Rail
Cobweb
Monster Spawner
Strongholds are structures that contain multiple rooms, doors and other aspects (some of these rooms include libraries, fountain rooms, dungeon-like rooms, etc.). There are 128 per world. Stone brick, mossy stone brick, cracked stone brick, doors, iron bars, monster eggs and stone slabs are the materials that make up the strongholds. They also contain silverfish, which one should be careful of when digging around in strongholds. Portals to The End are found in specific rooms in strongholds. Chests may be found containing items such as books, redstone, ender pearls, apples, bread, compasses, iron tools/armor, and diamonds. Strongholds can be found by right clicking an eye of ender, which will be thrown into the air and point the direction where the End portal is, showing the way to the stronghold.


Biome
Any
Consists of
Stone Bricks
Cracked Stone Bricks
Mossy Stone Bricks
Water
Monster Spawner
Iron Bars
Lava
End Portal Frame
Torch
Oak Fence
Chest
Stone Brick Slab
Cobblestone
Stone Brick Stairs
Oak Wood Planks
Ladder
Stone Slab
Stone Button
Iron Door
Oak Door
Cobblestone Stairs
Bookshelf
Cobweb
Stone Brick Monster Egg
Dungeons are small, mostly underground, one-room spaces bordered by moss stone and cobblestone, and typically contain chests with rare items, and a hostile monster spawner in the center. Dungeons generate with either a zombie (50% chance), skeleton (25% chance), or spider (25% chance) spawner. Occasionally a player may find that the spawner is covered with gravel and will be harder to reach, yet the mobs can still spawn with the gravel around it. The chests may contain rare valuables, such as music discs, enchanted books, saddles, horse armor, and golden apples. Rarely, multiple dungeons can generate next to each other. Dungeons generated in a desert can sometimes be visible from the surface due to the sand falling down.


Biome
Any
Consists of
Cobblestone
Moss Stone
Monster Spawner
Chest
Can generate
post-generation
No
Dessert Well
These well-like structures built of sandstone blocks and slabs generate only in the desert biome. They have a 1/1000 chance to be generated in any desert chunk, which makes them a rare sight. It is possible for a well to generate around a cactus. The well structure will still spawn with the "Generate Structures" option disabled.


Villages are generated in desert, plains and savanna biomes and are a site for villagers, with whom the player can trade. They are composed of a random selection of various buildings and farms. There is always exactly one well, other buildings can be any of several different houses, single or double farms, blacksmith's shop, library, butcher's shop, or church. Villages are built with different materials depending on their biome; villages in plains and savanna biomes are comprised of oak wood, oak planks and cobblestone, and villages in deserts are built with varying types of sandstone. Villages may generate partly submerged in water. This results in some of the path being made of wood (Pocket Edition exclusive). The villagers move about in the area around the village, retreating indoors at night and during storms. Villages have three-block wide paths to join all houses.


Desert temples, also known as pyramids, are found in deserts. They mainly consist of sandstone and stained clay. In the middle of the temple is a block of blue stained clay, which if destroyed, reveals a deep, hidden chamber underneath, where players can find 4 chests, which can contain valuable loot, and a stone pressure plate trap connected to a 3×3 grid of TNT. Treasures found in the chests include emeralds, diamonds, iron ingots, gold ingots, rotten flesh, enchanted books, and bones. While rotten flesh, bones and gold ingots are found frequently, other treasures are not as common.

Jungle temples are found in jungles, and mainly consist of cobblestone and mossy cobblestone. There are three floors, the bottom floor containing a chest and a puzzle. The chest is found through a corridor which contains hidden tripwires that triggers a dispenser to shoot arrows at the player. The player must carefully navigate through the corridor while triggering the tripwires. The puzzle is located at the opposite of the corridor and consists of three levers that must be pulled in the correct order to open a secret door which reveals another chest.

Witch huts generate in swamp biomes. Among all hostile mobs, only witches spawn in the 7x7x9 area inside and around the hut. There is one empty cauldron, one crafting table and one potted red mushroom inside each hut. However, in 1.8 the flower pot contains no mushrooms.


Ocean monuments are underwater structures that spawn in deep oceans. They spawn in the shape of a pyramid with many randomly-generated rooms. They are composed of all three variants of prismarine and lit by sea lanterns. Eight gold blocks encased in dark prismarine can be found inside as treasures. Also, a random assortment of sponges may generate inside. Guardians and elder guardians spawn here.


Igloos are structures that spawn in snowy biomes. They consist of the igloo structure, and sometimes, a basement. In the basement there is a villager and a zombie villager, both of the same profession, locked up underground. The basement is accessible by removing one of the carpets to reveal a hidden trapdoor.



I did not take those screenshots and all this data those are all owned by Mojang.
Open me!

Sources:
http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Generated_structures
