If you want to look into it, Fabric optimization mods will help boost FPS a bunch if you want to experiment with that. That's what I use all the time. My sibling was having a similar issue, lots of lag with the loading of chunk data, so I gave her a collection of Fabric optimization mods and it made it completely playable and smoothed everything out. Without Fabric though, check your render distance (make sure it's set a stable number), and make sure your graphical settings are set right. Fabric optimization mods or OptiFine should definitely help. There may be ways to improve performance outside of your normal Minecraft settings if you don't want to use mods at all, so YouTube will be a good help.
If you want to use Fabric, here are a list of good mods:
- Sodium
- Sodium Extra
- Starlight
- Lithium
- EntityCulling
- CullLeaves
- Dynamic FPS
- Memory leak fix
- Not enough crashes
- Iris - not for optimization, but a great shaders alternative if you usually use OptiFine
I personally use all of them, and it helps a lot if you want a boost in performance. For clarification, a few of the mods rewrites Minecraft's rendering and lighting system, and the others will help with removing unnecessary information (blocks/entities not in view) which may help your FPS
