Published Jul 28th, 2022, 7/28/22 12:26 am
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United Kingdom
Great Britain, or the United Kingdom (United Kingdom [jʊnaɪtɪd kɪŋdəm], abbr. UK) , the full official form is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Eng. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is a sovereign state off the northwestern coast of continental Europe, consisting of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland and many of the smaller British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, Great Britain is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,500 km², and the population in 2020 was estimated at more than 67 million people.
The UK is a unitary parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II has ruled since 1952. The capital and largest city is London, a global financial center with over 14 million people. Other major cities are Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool and Leeds. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own governments, each with different powers.
The United Kingdom emerged from a series of annexations, unions, and secessions of its member countries over several hundred years. The Kingdom of Great Britain was formed in 1707 as a result of the signing of the Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which already included Wales, annexed in 1542) and the Kingdom of Scotland. In 1800, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland united to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which, after the separation of the Irish Free State from it in 1922, became known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1927 .
The neighboring Isles of Man, Guernsey and Jersey are not part of the UK, as they are crown possessions, and the British government is responsible for defense and international representation. Today, the 14 British Overseas Territories are the last remnants of the British Empire, which, at its peak in the 1920s, covered nearly a quarter of the land mass and a third of the world's population, becoming the largest empire in history. British influence is seen in the language, culture, legal and political systems of many of the country's former colonies.
The UK economy ranks sixth in the world in terms of nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and eighth in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The country's economy is characterized by a high level of income and a very high human development index (13th in the world). Great Britain became the world's first industrialized country and was the foremost world power in the 19th century and early 20th century[35][36]. Today, Great Britain remains one of the great powers of the world, with significant economic, cultural, military, scientific, technological and political influence at the international level[37][38]. It is a recognized nuclear power, ranking fourth in the world in terms of military spending[39]. The UK has been a permanent member of the UN Security Council since its first session in 1946.
The United Kingdom is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7 (G7), the Group of Ten, the G20 (G20), the UN, NATO, AUKUS, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Interpol and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The UK was a member state of the European Communities and their successor, the European Union (EU), from accession in 1973 until leaving the EU in 2020 following a referendum held in 2016.
Great Britain, or the United Kingdom (United Kingdom [jʊnaɪtɪd kɪŋdəm], abbr. UK) , the full official form is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Eng. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is a sovereign state off the northwestern coast of continental Europe, consisting of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland and many of the smaller British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, Great Britain is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,500 km², and the population in 2020 was estimated at more than 67 million people.
The UK is a unitary parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II has ruled since 1952. The capital and largest city is London, a global financial center with over 14 million people. Other major cities are Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool and Leeds. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own governments, each with different powers.
The United Kingdom emerged from a series of annexations, unions, and secessions of its member countries over several hundred years. The Kingdom of Great Britain was formed in 1707 as a result of the signing of the Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which already included Wales, annexed in 1542) and the Kingdom of Scotland. In 1800, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland united to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which, after the separation of the Irish Free State from it in 1922, became known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1927 .
The neighboring Isles of Man, Guernsey and Jersey are not part of the UK, as they are crown possessions, and the British government is responsible for defense and international representation. Today, the 14 British Overseas Territories are the last remnants of the British Empire, which, at its peak in the 1920s, covered nearly a quarter of the land mass and a third of the world's population, becoming the largest empire in history. British influence is seen in the language, culture, legal and political systems of many of the country's former colonies.
The UK economy ranks sixth in the world in terms of nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and eighth in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The country's economy is characterized by a high level of income and a very high human development index (13th in the world). Great Britain became the world's first industrialized country and was the foremost world power in the 19th century and early 20th century[35][36]. Today, Great Britain remains one of the great powers of the world, with significant economic, cultural, military, scientific, technological and political influence at the international level[37][38]. It is a recognized nuclear power, ranking fourth in the world in terms of military spending[39]. The UK has been a permanent member of the UN Security Council since its first session in 1946.
The United Kingdom is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7 (G7), the Group of Ten, the G20 (G20), the UN, NATO, AUKUS, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Interpol and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The UK was a member state of the European Communities and their successor, the European Union (EU), from accession in 1973 until leaving the EU in 2020 following a referendum held in 2016.
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